Name of the language	SERBIAN
Heteroglotonym	SERBIAN
Autoglotonym	SRPSKI
Other names of the language	Serbe, Serbio
Basque name	Serbiera
Country where the language is spoken	YUGOSLAVIA
Linguistic filiation	Family: Slavic (Indo-European) Group: South-Slavic (Slavic) Subgroup: South-Slavic
Varieties
Artícles
01.Does this language have other varieties? If so, what are these?	Croatian, Bosnian.
02.Does the language exist in a written form?	Both in Cyrillic and Latin script.
03.Is there standardisation of the language?	Yes. From the begining of the XIX century.
04.Do you consider yourself a member of this linguistic community? If so, why?	Yes. For ethnic, confessional, cultural, traditional, educational, communicational, interactional, political, administrative...reasons. In addition: Serbian is my "first", "primary", "mother", "native" langue, the language in which I think, in which I have been educated. Serbian is the language of my basic conceptual inventory and my basic cognition.
05.Where is this language spoken? What are its geographical boundaries?	As official language, public language- in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, it means- in Serbia and Montenegro (Eastern Middle Europe and Central Balkan). Regionally- in Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Hungary, Romania and Macedonia, it means in the neighbouring countries (approx. additional 1,500,000-2,000,000 speakers of serbian).
06.Have these geographical boundaries changed over the years? If so, how have they altered?	A lot. As the consequences of Balkan Wars (1912, 1913), First World War, Second World War, "Croatian" War, "Bosnian" War, "Kosovo Crisis" (the former three in the course of 1990s). Constitution of Yugoslavia (1918) and its deconstruction (90s) produced massive migrations, as well as state and language renominations.
07.What is the physical terrain of this area like?
08.Are any other languages spoken within the same territory? If so, what are these?	A lot of them 826), among others: Hungarian, Romanian, Slovak, Ruthenian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Albanian, Turkish, Gypsy, Vlach.
09.Could you enclose a sketch or indicate the area in which this language is spoken? (if you wish, you can draw a sketch in the space on the next page)
10.What State(s) / country (ies) do/es the territory/ies where the language is spoken belong to?	Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, constituted by the Republic of Serbia, and the Republic of Montenegro. The Republic of Serbia includes two autonomous provinces- Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.
11.What is the total number of inhabitants (whether or not they speak this language) of this territory?	Aprox. 10,500,000 inhabitants ( no recent reliable census data due to political events and wars in 90s, massive migrations in all directions, etc.).
12.How many of the inhabitants understand, speak, read or write this language?	Not reliable census data. Understand: 10,000,000 Speak: 10,000,000 Read: 70-80% Write: 70-80%
13.How many of the speakers are monolingual (use only this language)?	Aprox. 8,000,000
14.How many of the speakers are bilingual (use this and another language)? What other language(s) do they speak?	Hungarian, Romanian, Slovak, Ruthenian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Albanian, Turkish, Gypsy, Vlach...
15.How many of the speakers are multilingual (speak this and more than one other language)? What other languages do they speak?	No reliable data even for aproximation. But, in some regions it is quite possible to find Serbian-Hungarian-Slovak (Romanian), Serbian-Gypsy-Hungarian, Serbian-Albanian-Turkish, Serbian-Gypsy-Albanian (Turkish), instances, or similar.
16.Are speakers of this language dispersed throughout the territory, or are they concentrated in specific population centres?
17.How has the number of speakers of this language evolved over time (increased, decreased or remained stable)?	Generally speaking stable, with a slight of signs of its decrease.
18.Is the language passed down from generation to generation? If not, why not? What language is replacing it?	Not only from generation to generation, but also as the language of long lasting literacy, long lasting culture instrument, through education, etc.
19.Could you indicate how often the members of each generation use the language with other generations (old people with old people, young people with old people, etc) in their informal contacts (in the street, at home, in leisure time,...)?
20.ADo the speakers of other languages learn this language? In what circumstances?
20.BDo the speakers of other languages speak this language? In what circumstances?	As lingua communis or lingua franca, as inter-ethnic mediator, in private and public usage. The reason for this is not only communicational efficiency, but also social and territorial mobility of population, better educational opportunities, better job opportunities, ethnic mixing in families, psychological prestige of the "majority language", etc.
21.Is there any historical, political or economic factor which has affected the situation	The fall of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (early 90s), war in Croatia, war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (middle 90s), NATO destruction of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (including devastation of Kosovo and Metohija province) (late 90s).
22.Has any other factor directly influenced the growth or threatened the future of the language (migration, temporary labour, deportations, wars...)?	Nº 21, 23, 24.
23.Is the language currently threatened? If so, what is the cause?	NATO destruction of the Kosovo and Metohija ethnic and language proportions (1999). As well as the exodus of the Serbian population from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. (1991-1999). NATO destruction of the entire economics in the whole contry (including media, schools, universities, etc.). Plus: UN long lasting economic embargo, etc. (including cultural, scientific, communicational and other relations and contacts).
24.Is the community which speaks this language in danger? If so, what is the cause?	NATO destruction of the Kosovo and Metohija ethnic and language map (1999). As well as the exodus of the Serbian population from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. (1991-1999). In addition, due to NATO economic destruction of the entire county, we already have, and may except more of economic emigration to the west (especially among young and educated part of the population).
25.Is there any internal migration (movement of the population within the territory)? Is there any external migration (movement out of the territory to others)? If so, what is the cause?	Through the whole history of the region, migrations used to be caused either by political or by economic reasons. As a rule, it works both for "internal" and "external" migrations. In addition, the migrations from rural to urban settings have been typical demographic feature of the entire 20th century, especially of its second half.
26.What is the main economic activity of this community?
27.What is the influence of religion on this community?	The influence of the religion is distinctive (and used to be as such through the entire history of the region and of the countrie(s). Serbian is mostly spoken by ortodox population, Hungarian mostly by roman catholic population, Albanian by islamic population and so on. In neighbouring state of Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbs (ortodox) use Serbian, Croats (catholic) Croatian, Bosnians (muslims) Bosnian variety of the language. In Croatia, Croats (catholic) use Croatian, but Serbs (ortodox) Serbian language variety.
28.Does the language have any official status (official, joint-official language, acceptance...)?	Serbian has the official status in the public use as an official language of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, as well as the official language of its constitutive republics- Serbia and Montenegro. It serves unofficially as "lingua communis" in inter-ethnic communications. Serbian also appears as "majority language", while the rest appears to be "minority languages" of Yugoslavia (hungarian, albanian, etc.).
29.Is the language used in contact with the administration? Indicate whether its use in	As an official state language Serbian is even the main mediator in administration, both in spoken and written form. (In regions with minority languages, Serbian serves as the possible choice among others (Hungarian in Vojvodina, Albanian in Kosovo, etc.).
30.Is this language used in education (whether as the teaching medium or as a subject of study)? Indicate whether there is spoken and /or written use of the language in elementary and higher education.	Serbian is the main language of education in Yugoslavia. On all levels: from primary and secondary education- to the university education. Both in its spoken and written form. Both as the teaching medium and as a subject of study. The same is the case with major minority languages (for instance, with Hungarian in Vojvodina and with Albanian in Kosovo and Metohija)- in the regions where the related populations prevail.
31.Is this language used in the media (radio, newspapers and television...)?	Serbian, as official public language, and the language of "lingua communis" type of mediator is widely used in all kinds of media (radio, TV, newspapers, publishing companies etc.), in particular regions with national minorities (and related languages) alongside with their languages, especially in the case of Hungarian in Vojvodina and Albanian in Kosovo (but also in other minor cases, Romanian, Slovak, Ruthenian, Bulgarian, Turkish, Gipsy and the like...)
32.Is the language used in religious services and ceremonies? Indicate whether there is spoken or written use of the language in religious services and ceremonies.	Yes. Even without any kind of exception. The same rule is worth for all major language minorities instances.
33.Is the language used in business and labour relations? Indicate whether the use is spoken and/or written.	Yes. Both in its spoken and written form. In addition, as "lingua communis" mediator in many inter-ethnic business and labor interactions. (With the same notes as is 31).
34.Are there any other areas in which this language is used in its written form?	Laws, trafic signs, town name plates/ firm names titles, inscriptions, etc. (With the same notes as in 31).
35.Is there any organisation or body responsible for linguistic policy and planning with respect to this language? What kind of activities does this perform?	"Odbor za standardizaciju srpskog jezika"- Committee for the standardization of Serbian language (supported by federal and state governments, founded by all universities, academies of sciences, institutes, departments and other relevant scientific and cultural institutions dealing with language planning and language policy.
36.Is there any kind of cultural or linguistic organisation or body which promotes the knowledge and/or use of the language? What kind of activities does this perform?	Cf. 35.
37.Does he language have a literary tradition? If so, please give some information about this literary tradition.	Cf. Appendix "Brief sociolinguistic history"
38.What is the attitude of the majority of the members of this community towards the knowledge and use of this language?	Cf. 20, 18, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34...
39.What is the attitude of the majority of the members of the neighbouring communities towards the knowledge and use of the language?	Cf. 38. Plus: There is almost complete inteligibility among "serbian", "Croatian" and "bosnian" varieties of what used to be called "serbo-Croatian". Also- no major differences in grammar! Macedonians in Macedonia can use Serbian, as well. They can at least understand it (the similar case is with Slovenians in Slovenia).
40.Please add any other details regarding the situation of the language which you consider of interest.	No reliable census sources. The bibliography is appended! Reference addresses: Odbor za standardizaciju srpskog jezika, Institut za srpski jezik SANU, Dure Jaksica 9, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia Fax: (381) (11) 183-175; 182-825 Milorad Radovanocic, Takovska 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia Ranko Bugarski, Dalmatinska 11, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia. Nota: Es importante señalar que los datos referentes al número de habitantes del territorio y habitantes que entienden, hablan, leen y escriben, no son, actualmente, datos representativos debido a la guerra y consecuentes migraciones que se viven en el país.